{"id":"W4412567273","doi":"10.1109/mnet.2025.3591651","title":"Automated Spam Call Traceback: Two Efficiency Enhancement Approaches","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Network","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","funders":"National Science and Technology Council","keywords":"Computer science; Computer network; Denial-of-service attack; Computer security; Botnet; System call; The Internet; World Wide Web; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004407104,0.0001492853,0.000158366,0.00006971246,0.0002286801,0.0001805983,0.0006281337,0.00007284927,0.000005122138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001270513,0.0001408267,0.00006626169,0.0009543679,0.00003518532,0.0001727891,0.00008240246,0.0001656552,0.00008796785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007122289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000708465,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004457118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002888128,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986605,0.00008872562,0.0002285376,0.0004225045,0.0002078665,0.0003918353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992472,0.00009429622,0.00007028483,0.0004932836,0.00003436812,0.00006058144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000865019,0.0006238086,0.001388502,0.0001017324,0.0001712296,0.00003171731,0.001633949,0.4020003,0.003491669,0.0307603,0.4157394,0.1439708],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004893485,0.00009504973,0.001375927,0.00008631262,0.00001651138,0.000004858464,0.00000525244,0.9586493,0.008751453,0.003382343,0.02688201,0.0002616394],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03543812,0.0006390734,0.9213319,0.0007277651,0.01455064,0.0003531391,5.087826e-7,0.001526949,0.02543188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894015,0.00001234872,0.007446701,0.000455725,0.001087267,0.00004078577,0.000001826698,0.000007829981,0.001546075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9539633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5742745,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02477182297299745,"score_gpt":0.2572086134300944,"score_spread":0.232436790457097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}