{"id":"W4412591781","doi":"10.1561/2200000115","title":"Artificial intelligence for science in quantum, atomistic, and continuum systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Foundations and Trends® in Machine Learning","topic":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Quantum; Statistical physics; Cognitive science; Theoretical physics; Physics; Psychology; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003925927,0.0006427618,0.0006700231,0.001371745,0.00184873,0.004671455,0.00145549,0.002755794,0.006093062],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007954583,0.0004488225,0.001307448,0.001121872,0.007798462,0.01005276,0.004344046,0.0070228,0.001069538],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002175293,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001762901,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002131317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002072714,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975815,0.001070779,0.0001411494,0.0003418325,0.000725404,0.0001393359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965365,0.00232207,0.0001841605,0.0005552358,0.0002587968,0.0001433289],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003820959,0.000007147695,0.00006898015,0.00004635084,0.000006581959,0.00002150418,0.00007949545,0.00279017,0.0001455571,0.9890134,0.001920152,0.005896855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002978392,0.000003780375,0.00005953546,0.00002884325,0.000002849079,0.00002084543,0.00002042046,0.01076647,0.0000793724,0.9807535,0.008255644,0.000005863568],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01680405,0.01586716,0.7967721,0.0581945,0.001351679,0.0001456639,0.0004974082,0.0006026232,0.1097648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5125913,0.01814339,0.4339161,0.01079534,0.002933556,0.0006148716,0.0007234304,0.0003530665,0.0199289],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.006093062,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02076256,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0234980485780742,"score_gpt":0.332690736448169,"score_spread":0.3091926878700949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}