{"id":"W4412592199","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-40294-4.00034-7","title":"Ion Exchange for Hydrometallurgy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Hydrometallurgy; Chemistry; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001441291,0.0009773332,0.0005675677,0.0008916834,0.0004476703,0.001192406,0.0005971518,0.0008097655,0.04663192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001180235,0.0003225558,0.0003090403,0.001118799,0.0004171448,0.001853056,0.0007960249,0.001033668,0.02228051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005881349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003805431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005730677,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001383747,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999152,0.000006207337,0.000003756165,0.0000193583,0.00004693843,0.00000846087],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999657,0.00001234441,0.000002888459,0.000006786723,0.00000918015,0.000003182339],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007474991,0.0001214266,0.00007789776,0.001907964,0.00001587111,0.0003278407,0.0001965501,0.001046398,0.07170045,0.09697793,0.1123531,0.7151998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004874108,0.00003036861,0.0001206773,0.0001367794,0.000007034168,0.0003603185,0.00002928467,0.0004290357,0.01270335,0.01272599,0.9734441,0.000008193198],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.005648856,0.1461293,0.03539238,0.001634861,0.003672291,0.0001006774,0.000410537,0.0007160616,0.806295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01170286,0.0401635,0.00960428,0.0005204951,0.0004614802,0.00004811661,0.0002300994,0.0002576736,0.9370115],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04663192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1559994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01671567139798442,"score_gpt":0.2443482723465184,"score_spread":0.227632600948534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}