{"id":"W4412592492","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-40294-4.00032-3","title":"Solvent Extraction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakes Environmental (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Solvent extraction; Extraction (chemistry); Chromatography; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002990584,0.001836306,0.00101712,0.002627767,0.001276796,0.001549195,0.001074842,0.001007776,0.1414039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003114034,0.0007888321,0.0007341337,0.002521416,0.0005665433,0.001824197,0.001526472,0.001945107,0.1417241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005376414,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007514027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001354446,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00303258,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996052,0.00001415958,0.00001333215,0.0001030796,0.000224201,0.00004004253],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999139,0.00001742776,0.000006469799,0.0000165225,0.00003664206,0.000009089227],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001194791,0.0001539381,0.0001692274,0.001710852,0.00003108964,0.0005464219,0.0001887835,0.0006482466,0.235406,0.01493654,0.1135714,0.6325182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001178671,0.00007394397,0.0004424182,0.0001843709,0.00002472635,0.0008817492,0.00005755737,0.0005703497,0.1269538,0.002872874,0.8679003,0.00002613719],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.007816774,0.02502727,0.1009128,0.00082553,0.001615765,0.000461028,0.004073308,0.005635403,0.853632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01009606,0.01267287,0.01533339,0.0005929097,0.0001810607,0.0001663977,0.003660926,0.0007315183,0.9565648],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1414039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4730431,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01368128031815339,"score_gpt":0.253713241273281,"score_spread":0.2400319609551277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}