{"id":"W4412592492","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-443-40294-4.00032-3","title":"Solvent Extraction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakes Environmental (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Solvent extraction; Extraction (chemistry); Chromatography; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006147167,0.0002641269,0.0002431141,0.0001643782,0.00006403124,0.00004935385,0.000101149,0.0002913507,0.0008549251],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006242838,0.0002860299,0.0001319736,0.00001008941,0.00002215296,0.00006423088,0.00001511944,0.0004248116,0.0004930026],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009519557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005587845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":6.748585e-8,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001398497,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991735,0.000004141289,0.0003163208,0.0001981227,0.0001697904,0.0001381493],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995366,0.00003407538,0.00006427294,0.00023701,0.0000676153,0.00006043874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003130477,0.000002803693,1.920272e-7,0.0002094083,0.00007330249,0.000007369194,0.00003780134,0.00009626062,0.0002187307,0.009209863,0.01032267,0.9798185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007604196,0.000007920579,0.000001650036,0.0001895382,0.00005158455,0.000008785958,0.000003443925,0.000223645,0.0004947762,0.004213855,0.9944746,0.000254083],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00000154198,0.001743429,0.0003350495,0.00002846899,0.001254573,0.0001915199,0.00001297621,0.0004601049,0.9959723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0003811995,0.000597037,0.000165429,0.0001436814,0.0002380217,0.00002923891,0.00003352542,0.00005190572,0.99836],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.984152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999592,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01368128031815339,"score_gpt":0.253713241273281,"score_spread":0.2400319609551277,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}