{"id":"W4412607715","doi":"10.1920/wp.ifs.2025.2625","title":"Gender inequality in expenditure: Great Britain 1978 to 2019","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Economic and Social Research Council; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Inequality; Demographic economics; Economics; Geography; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003831566,0.0001506254,0.0002560887,0.001079851,0.0002500234,0.0005504476,0.0002707588,0.00026011,0.003229263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001145361,0.0001144954,0.0002219317,0.002991746,0.0003321154,0.0003251304,0.0008796183,0.0003793428,0.0007324625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002727787,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005135865,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2909317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4439233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996918,0.00006577074,0.00001927749,0.00005392109,0.00006872268,0.0001003993],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995878,0.0000741043,0.0001392555,0.00003113362,0.0001024913,0.00006516013],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003526768,0.00004578474,0.8940893,0.0002870799,0.0001484178,0.001231281,0.007919523,0.001686109,0.001392968,0.008090853,0.02366116,0.06109479],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003852654,0.000009570385,0.9907117,0.00002409112,0.00000488017,0.00003026668,0.0004247076,0.0001523442,0.00005526412,0.00008606433,0.008495035,0.000002173014],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9720786,0.001501132,0.0002893962,0.002115383,0.00003744652,0.00001295731,0.012322,0.00001836824,0.01162473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9832959,0.0006887629,0.0001937403,0.0002315365,0.00004154952,0.00002760856,0.006443438,0.000009875222,0.009067576],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2909317,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5784765,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1291717423730964,"score_gpt":0.4390318093078906,"score_spread":0.3098600669347942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}