{"id":"W4412609625","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105230","title":"Production and significance of Reactive Oxygen Species in the subsurface","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Earth-Science Reviews","topic":"Radioactive element chemistry and processing","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China; Key Technologies Research and Development Program; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Production (economics); Environmental science; Reactive oxygen species; Oxygen; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Economics; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001331747,0.00009040772,0.0001817494,0.00003400783,0.000141836,0.00003878308,0.0002654445,0.00002461126,0.00005078108],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000641728,0.00006184703,0.00002759538,0.0006936049,0.0004245896,0.0002505868,0.00002882107,0.0001489009,0.000001595275],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002864792,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000985996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006372584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000694886,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990841,0.00003698635,0.0002480138,0.0002928842,0.0001831561,0.0001549165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994413,0.00006770175,0.0001531735,0.0002691613,0.00005021859,0.00001843357],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006269662,0.00002308157,0.001229146,0.0003209369,0.000001913218,3.899158e-7,0.0005994233,0.000002967018,0.9868664,0.0001867467,0.00008469914,0.01067798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004524017,0.000003995263,0.002436266,0.0003515054,0.00000742942,0.000002745264,0.0006072567,0.00000736073,0.9281346,0.0001326985,0.06821049,0.00006046224],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8456125,0.01963744,0.0004278186,0.001308952,0.0001062871,0.000416083,0.000004427038,0.00001693108,0.1324696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917737,0.00381848,0.001143778,0.00004774295,0.00004920251,0.00003138676,0.000001352315,0.000002676545,0.003131684],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1461612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2522049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0308486802703226,"score_gpt":0.296423290846359,"score_spread":0.2655746105760364,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}