{"id":"W4412631047","doi":"10.1038/s41746-025-01788-8","title":"Personalized federated learning for predicting disability progression in multiple sclerosis using real-world routine clinical data","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Digital Medicine","topic":"AI in cancer detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Cegep de Saint Jerome; Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches; Université de Montréal","funders":"Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney; Allergan; EMD Serono; Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi; Szegedi Tudományegyetem; Vlaamse regering; Universiteit Hasselt; Debreceni Egyetem; Universiteit Antwerpen; Koning Boudewijnstichting; lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; Università di Bologna; Razi University; Hunter Medical Research Institute; Univerzita Karlova v Praze; Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi; Sanofi Genzyme; Universität Basel; Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen; KU Leuven; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Eisai; Universidade do Porto; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Všeobecná Fakultní Nemocnice v Praze; Biogen; Celgene; Koç Üniversitesi; H. Lundbeck A/S; Monash University; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; European Commission; Multiple Sclerosis International Federation; Sultan Qaboos University; Sanofi; American University of Beirut; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Università di Catania; Amgen","keywords":"Multiple sclerosis; Real world data; Computer science; Medicine; Data science; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001796566,0.0001858093,0.0004216288,0.0001268444,0.0002702398,0.0001827436,0.0006772348,0.00009644715,0.000005113815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004726878,0.0001548426,0.00005386442,0.001034189,0.0003320977,0.001093761,0.0006607891,0.0003797954,0.000001080806],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003136073,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001448337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000310257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000318564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974731,0.0001544744,0.0007960891,0.0008799201,0.0003500883,0.0003463632],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973432,0.001549955,0.000236553,0.0006455954,0.0001246465,0.00009998537],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001905927,0.0001280812,0.6312663,0.00007596549,0.00002161698,0.000001815254,0.0001568407,0.0001342363,0.0002545909,0.000117637,0.0002466159,0.3674057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003421929,0.0002766363,0.107777,0.001555729,0.00002065795,0.000001939283,0.0001773213,0.8843067,0.0001382682,0.0002227066,0.001946924,0.0001541726],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5189584,0.000168311,0.4744191,0.002528763,0.001385638,0.0009839521,0.00001657166,0.0003934552,0.001145814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9923364,0.00002244402,0.00688647,0.0001029591,0.0003201645,0.00003691978,0.0000830405,0.00001452631,0.0001970716],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8841725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6314297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2064414541292318,"score_gpt":0.4187493395056315,"score_spread":0.2123078853763997,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}