{"id":"W4412642886","doi":"10.1177/0169796x251351798","title":"Political Transition, Structural Inequality, and the Persistence of Bribery in Ghana (1999–2022)","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Developing Societies","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Inequality; Persistence (discontinuity); Transition (genetics); Development economics; Economics; Political science; Demographic economics; Economic system; Mathematics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007761391,0.0001348237,0.0001881406,0.000697764,0.0006140048,0.0008622179,0.0002737285,0.0004507588,0.001852083],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00270234,0.0001261526,0.0001524748,0.001737544,0.000708526,0.0008775352,0.0009233931,0.0007349783,0.0002443852],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001485123,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000663145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0761281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1172665,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999683,0.00007543786,0.0000189342,0.00003653194,0.00002888349,0.0001572894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979686,0.0002162196,0.001382226,0.00005263681,0.0001464563,0.0002337795],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009866607,0.00004552093,0.9907191,0.00001735695,0.00001501721,0.0001633948,0.003123392,0.0001427701,0.0001419237,0.0002884385,0.0005627056,0.00468174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002131387,0.0000210958,0.9967647,0.00001302522,0.000002716459,0.00004238669,0.002422258,0.000102269,0.00003661985,0.0000537649,0.0005369948,0.000002190091],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987204,0.0001524663,0.00003497916,0.0003251512,0.0000036993,0.000004292192,0.0002778059,0.000001283484,0.0004798973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994864,0.00007728301,0.00001576397,0.00002522739,0.000004599026,0.000003751337,0.0002080875,9.080798e-7,0.000177898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0761281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.15137,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03354347058789467,"score_gpt":0.31331738581623,"score_spread":0.2797739152283354,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}