{"id":"W4412654051","doi":"10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c01173","title":"Pharmaceutical Nitrosamines: A Comprehensive Review of Health Risks, Detection, Mitigation Strategies Supplemented with CYP450 Interactions as Molecular Simulations for Mechanistic Insight into Carcinogenicity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Molecular Pharmaceutics","topic":"Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nitrosamine; Chemistry; Carcinogen; Cytochrome P450; Biochemical engineering; Drug; Computational biology; Environmental chemistry; Pharmacology; Biochemistry; Enzyme; Medicine; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003236485,0.0007914391,0.00166846,0.0003210297,0.000295842,0.00006617889,0.0003974284,0.0002682625,0.0000404694],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001440833,0.0007589899,0.0008168624,0.0007147621,0.0001624127,0.00001542849,0.0002398331,0.0004605457,0.000002564513],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002568959,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002075856,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001254925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009714014,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958975,0.000763098,0.001421666,0.0009212398,0.000461681,0.0005348458],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969298,0.0001592322,0.0009171799,0.0007434515,0.001026219,0.0002241627],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002635995,0.0009037128,0.000007086268,0.4052613,0.005113794,0.00005021993,0.0001424936,0.001417442,0.3082548,0.001026254,0.0004537259,0.2771056],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0011917,0.0006075943,0.000001162218,0.01575364,0.004035455,0.0000802606,0.00009659691,0.0004892839,0.1330722,0.0001141462,0.84383,0.0007279154],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004707567,0.8206472,0.1729801,0.0001522379,0.0002053363,0.004363845,0.001104261,0.00002868186,0.00004761617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02856934,0.9601398,0.002568712,0.001396716,0.00007800221,0.0007491324,0.006361914,0.0001072445,0.0000291037],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8433763,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994861,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06227508946697904,"score_gpt":0.4523368999733458,"score_spread":0.3900618105063668,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}