{"id":"W4412685169","doi":"10.1021/acssusresmgt.5c00312","title":"Future of Battery Grade Graphite Recycling from Spent Batteries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS Sustainable Resource Management","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Graphite; Automotive engineering; Waste management; Environmental science; Engineering; Materials science; Metallurgy; Physics; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00013371,0.0001657878,0.0001927328,0.0003496016,0.000110254,0.00007113018,0.0002077071,0.00006427895,0.0001283113],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007570758,0.0001737244,0.0000600251,0.0005399004,0.00003260006,0.0001621174,0.0001061939,0.0001323247,0.00001114229],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007930511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008518515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000232656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004127451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989821,0.00002679119,0.0003202872,0.0002089861,0.0001776501,0.0002842231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994875,0.00004745184,0.00005377001,0.0003176455,0.00005429371,0.0000392987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002257055,0.0004271814,0.005822121,0.01210333,0.002209138,0.0004353537,0.004590462,0.200378,0.00537678,0.2500313,0.4305194,0.08788122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000284466,0.000009872242,0.001563477,0.00007217639,0.00005793462,4.184326e-7,0.01910052,0.0003046769,0.00459076,0.003928919,0.9699258,0.0001609587],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3170517,0.009353749,0.03056442,0.006735755,0.001058056,0.001214203,0.00001720651,0.001049193,0.6329557],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9468946,0.001186575,0.0006824606,0.0006030496,0.000131858,0.00006703116,0.00004876166,0.00003261782,0.05035298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.629843,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7084277,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005417138245761692,"score_gpt":0.2225587489475274,"score_spread":0.2171416107017657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}