{"id":"W4412693502","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7153188/v1","title":"Applying machine learning tools for automated behaviour classification in invasive lionfish and comparison with human observations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Concordia University","keywords":"Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Invasive species; Computer science; Biology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001394065,0.0004842599,0.0003211162,0.002128588,0.0002339227,0.0009693741,0.0004250197,0.0006494345,0.002614422],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006806362,0.0001479461,0.0004535955,0.001201428,0.0002643165,0.0007136518,0.0006326598,0.0004284602,0.001078231],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003451474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005029631,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008945924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007935332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991727,0.0003318233,0.00005415131,0.0001906224,0.0001723905,0.0000782295],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954312,0.003171161,0.0003094423,0.0003768179,0.0006165663,0.00009475515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004046465,0.0004316286,0.188566,0.000291873,0.0002461594,0.0002786857,0.0008769724,0.04324479,0.01586811,0.0009358321,0.00440181,0.7444534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002405335,0.0001554737,0.1279098,0.00006957797,0.00007401714,0.0002015049,0.0008129952,0.8543397,0.01077682,0.002955157,0.002641552,0.00003948247],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7392478,0.0005479294,0.2477495,0.0003199345,0.0001244184,0.0001205179,0.002167946,0.004436178,0.005285635],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9387552,0.0001522596,0.05713953,0.00003233526,0.0000293619,0.00007728287,0.001427841,0.0001195539,0.002266797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008945924,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01778769,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1774180439217024,"score_gpt":0.4031276865245418,"score_spread":0.2257096426028395,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}