{"id":"W4412694941","doi":"10.1177/17427665251345593","title":"Multimodal disinformation trolling campaigns targeting Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Media and Communication","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Disinformation; Political science; Politics; Social media; Public relations; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002843762,0.00005345931,0.00008115399,0.00001387433,0.000958303,0.00004948603,0.0001698573,0.00004128791,0.000008463416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003666246,0.00005468298,0.00001590188,0.0001959263,0.0001234335,0.0001604952,0.00007941318,0.00007427987,0.000001266421],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001900855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002709525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.587653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9360753,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993866,0.0001145709,0.0001376029,0.0000656584,0.000157075,0.0001384744],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995369,0.0001690011,0.00004878683,0.0001235668,0.00007826845,0.00004343649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004752737,0.00005852376,0.06349245,0.00004925239,0.00008549023,0.000001009332,0.1142081,0.00005774817,0.000009462463,0.6516386,0.01504971,0.1553021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001309854,0.00001551377,0.1229875,0.0002437881,0.00009425679,6.752538e-7,0.4295843,0.00213318,0.00003186694,0.05317926,0.3899308,0.00048906],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7680195,0.007438311,0.0007765136,0.02180088,0.0008238061,0.0003885602,0.00004781633,0.0001292085,0.2005754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983363,0.0009466503,0.0003225147,0.0002888412,0.00002961814,0.000009626705,0.00003013248,9.177519e-7,0.00003537873],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5984594,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7370589,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008454568808986478,"score_gpt":0.2711027915897648,"score_spread":0.2626482227807783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}