{"id":"W4412694941","doi":"10.1177/17427665251345593","title":"Multimodal disinformation trolling campaigns targeting Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Media and Communication","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council","keywords":"Disinformation; Political science; Politics; Social media; Public relations; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005074634,0.0003824877,0.0001966118,0.001101099,0.003300185,0.002111912,0.0003561745,0.000587145,0.005149063],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002810331,0.0001176102,0.0001439372,0.001191596,0.001184774,0.001111826,0.0008415587,0.0007734877,0.0007766677],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005461758,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004836639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6360652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8329021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992651,0.0001727548,0.00001487597,0.0000743692,0.0002002381,0.0002725719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978409,0.0006280649,0.0005818774,0.00009911032,0.0005233509,0.0003265715],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007196944,0.0007079403,0.7389526,0.0005000553,0.0001301572,0.001388447,0.1323321,0.001548341,0.01078643,0.004360009,0.01495908,0.09361513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003282258,0.0003454589,0.7122941,0.0002266046,0.0001120775,0.0002830861,0.2420945,0.00273123,0.003123065,0.0002912651,0.03837411,0.00009166433],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9775084,0.00008661556,0.000109076,0.0002669128,0.00000997512,0.00003333133,0.000164137,0.0000139671,0.02180745],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953224,0.0001388155,0.0001119045,0.0001538488,0.000007336509,0.00001284516,0.0001251444,0.000005473776,0.004122139],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3639348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.732156,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008454568808986478,"score_gpt":0.2711027915897648,"score_spread":0.2626482227807783,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}