{"id":"W4412707582","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12079-3","title":"Data-driven EV charging infrastructure with uncertainty based on a spatial–temporal flow-driven (STFD) models considering batteries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Independent Electricity System Operator","funders":"Qassim University","keywords":"Sizing; Renewable energy; Computer science; Microgrid; Voltage; Energy storage; Automotive engineering; Power (physics); Reliability engineering; Engineering; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008646185,0.001125364,0.001078772,0.0007582602,0.0005797219,0.001760027,0.001848129,0.001945149,0.003831879],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002517642,0.0009030444,0.001510117,0.001291761,0.0009067389,0.00127742,0.001170312,0.001559539,0.0003180093],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001998937,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00163845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04592912,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02108535,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995721,0.0001174067,0.00002166958,0.0001033399,0.00008803072,0.00009745367],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987195,0.0007178935,0.0001979632,0.00004009604,0.000251208,0.00007335552],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009360583,0.000005312858,0.0002041094,0.000009658364,0.000006114794,0.00003102403,0.000008771292,0.9963098,0.00005524296,0.002547542,0.0001332954,0.0006798494],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002264748,0.000003893918,0.00005444148,0.00000202801,0.00000330604,0.000004037925,0.000005374995,0.9990488,0.00001923735,0.0007045806,0.0001495426,0.000002495972],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1137737,0.001325975,0.8523481,0.001487707,0.0003341573,0.0001786645,0.002294186,0.0004510998,0.02780639],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9687396,0.00078785,0.01760754,0.0001294022,0.00006791925,0.0001864593,0.0006418093,0.00006535413,0.01177401],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04592912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09132361,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01123967951306047,"score_gpt":0.2176026833763599,"score_spread":0.2063630038632994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}