{"id":"W4412711605","doi":"10.3390/jrfm18080411","title":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Financial Stability of Insurance Companies","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Libera Università di Bolzano","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Reinsurance; Underwriting; Scope (computer science); Business; Natural resource economics; Climate change; Damages; Investment (military); Global warming; Finance; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00124286,0.0001982619,0.0002609603,0.0009363609,0.0004848905,0.001604543,0.0003275359,0.0008394315,0.002043364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006084231,0.0001155362,0.0005100491,0.0007514936,0.0006633145,0.0009904886,0.0008098573,0.001277573,0.0002426387],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009005371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005310936,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01823192,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0123885,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995863,0.00008836741,0.00003516924,0.00005561158,0.00007954786,0.0001550228],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.990819,0.002569899,0.005238927,0.0002070818,0.0004449817,0.0007200459],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001285446,0.0001138156,0.9852954,0.00001835374,0.0001392014,0.0002050663,0.0002377209,0.006766397,0.0003516529,0.001542519,0.0008438932,0.004357408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000110605,0.0001137218,0.9816231,0.00003618066,0.00008145913,0.0001211308,0.0006693496,0.01366047,0.0006064655,0.002001525,0.001049904,0.00002578586],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972124,0.0002851743,0.0002113044,0.0006063087,0.000006532007,0.000004906713,0.0004008073,0.000006327821,0.00126623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992744,0.0001166271,0.00003221821,0.00002971434,0.00001020244,0.000002189543,0.0003350664,0.000001021009,0.0001986074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01823192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0362516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01205636323688029,"score_gpt":0.2077067051371842,"score_spread":0.1956503419003039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}