{"id":"W4412723298","doi":"10.1016/j.mtener.2025.101997","title":"Retraction notice to “High-performance perovskite solar cells using graphene quantum dots modified SnO2/ZnO photoelectrode” [Materials Today Energy (2021) 100853] Vol 22","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Today Energy","topic":"Perovskite Materials and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Materials science; Notice; Quantum dot; Perovskite (structure); Graphene; Engineering physics; Optoelectronics; Nanotechnology; Energy (signal processing); Chemical engineering; Quantum mechanics; Physics; Political science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["research_integrity"],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"other","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006080173,0.0008237414,0.001067455,0.0005851942,0.0004581503,0.0005807797,0.0006367231,0.0006258735,0.001318331],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004774654,0.0008567551,0.0001213019,0.000881119,0.00006920363,0.0005130098,0.0002095832,0.0001740292,0.00009599521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003229083,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009197702,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002692093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007921374,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959221,0.0002130824,0.001334262,0.0009373014,0.0004351024,0.001158191],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980167,0.00008026562,0.000252257,0.001099138,0.0003048564,0.0002467867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000174157,0.00009019336,0.000001927146,0.0001531903,0.0001205433,0.000006530923,0.00007299856,0.05015416,0.9401297,0.004828458,0.003389469,0.0008786526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005850446,0.00008730229,0.0001452358,0.0001952566,0.0001173389,0.000008734341,0.00002176032,0.006138472,0.9636844,0.0005864362,0.02757296,0.0008570824],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9657663,0.0001336821,0.02289899,0.00009230337,0.009132161,0.0003605643,0.0002868014,0.0005638236,0.0007654114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942015,0.0009192759,0.001132798,0.0005292123,0.001357771,0.0004404431,0.000378346,0.0001904999,0.0008501347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04401569,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995946,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006850514964056445,"score_gpt":0.2057287060221109,"score_spread":0.1988781910580544,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}