{"id":"W4412723494","doi":"10.1134/s0023158424601402","title":"Preliminary Study of Alkyl Levulinate Synthesis using Aliphatic Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by Zinc Oxide","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kinetics and Catalysis","topic":"Catalysis for Biomass Conversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Catalysis; Alkyl; Zinc; Primary (astronomy); Organic chemistry; Oxide; Primary alcohol","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001011023,0.0003352939,0.0002130953,0.0001403414,0.0001488801,0.0001777095,0.0001945395,0.000162933,0.0004947928],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000136399,0.00009616567,0.0002039294,0.0001560072,0.0001082444,0.0001772183,0.0001446283,0.0001860939,0.0001643673],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001695499,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001766425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001561693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002580445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999286,0.000007390014,0.0000065965,0.00001531461,0.00001956162,0.00002261678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999471,0.00001068726,0.00001248753,0.000004915489,0.00001413045,0.00001067583],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003661575,0.000008683147,0.000124494,0.00006288353,0.000002916501,0.0000403573,0.00001404948,0.00007551049,0.9988493,0.000030855,0.000006969689,0.0007473889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003042125,0.00007845923,0.0005065728,0.000002165606,0.000005259791,0.00001820029,0.00001143294,0.0004026241,0.9986154,0.000009476476,0.0003453751,0.000001895644],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949203,0.0008755419,0.002738554,0.00002648048,0.00001180751,0.00002752894,0.0001479658,0.00002920324,0.001222497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959434,0.0007069697,0.002361013,0.000009030654,0.000003254004,0.00001090898,0.0001190022,0.00001092657,0.000835477],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001561693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003105223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007406551030369867,"score_gpt":0.2143062593913869,"score_spread":0.206899708361017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}