{"id":"W4412726034","doi":"10.1039/d5lc00507h","title":"Integrated heating &amp; sensing for PCB EWOD chips on a digital microfluidics cloud platform","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lab on a Chip","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Microheater; Microfluidics; Digital microfluidics; Temperature control; Printed circuit board; Chip; Scalability; Thermal; Electronic engineering; Engineering; Materials science; Embedded system; Computer hardware; Computer science; Nanotechnology; Electrowetting; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Dielectric","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001421681,0.0002776798,0.000261995,0.0002319166,0.0001592323,0.0001274369,0.0001815914,0.0002103681,0.000002660914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003203619,0.0002570383,0.0001030968,0.000324236,0.00004234384,0.00006549055,0.00003744403,0.0004906133,0.00003609549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001781229,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003853513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001416107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009674787,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988698,0.000008011629,0.0002753774,0.0002778779,0.00009081211,0.0004781474],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993149,0.0002380182,0.00003329007,0.0003411588,0.00003454628,0.00003808165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001562651,0.00009128666,0.0001211531,0.0002041286,0.0001818796,0.000007012758,0.0005014492,0.0001263989,0.5615983,0.007441669,0.04786217,0.3817083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007630812,0.0001918407,0.0000319496,0.0006403435,0.00001771342,0.000012809,0.000287385,0.0008756226,0.829569,0.003559588,0.163694,0.0003566373],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9761779,0.001285395,0.01229193,0.0003551034,0.0005489492,0.0003131642,0.00006248451,0.00224306,0.006721973],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960098,0.000118716,0.00226341,0.0003870311,0.0001038183,0.00001511093,0.00008931153,0.00005915599,0.0009536942],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3813516,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01521134287669635,"score_gpt":0.2322033547355642,"score_spread":0.2169920118588678,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}