{"id":"W4412749321","doi":"10.1039/d5ja00179j","title":"Self-organizing maps for the detection and classification of natural nanoparticles, nanoparticle systems and engineered nanoparticles characterized using single particle ICP-time-of-flight-MS","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry","topic":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Université de Paris; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris; Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Nanoparticle; Particle (ecology); Nanotechnology; Materials science; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002247571,0.0001464217,0.0004164567,0.0001677447,0.000059556,0.00004248661,0.0001381202,0.00008969215,0.000002312348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003615959,0.0001104252,0.00007728519,0.0006394375,0.0001343341,0.000193012,0.00004032704,0.0001812571,4.825523e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001649038,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001156917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001985406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.898935e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987377,0.00002500853,0.0006855679,0.0001348707,0.0001647576,0.0002520745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989346,0.0004805369,0.0002194861,0.0001659766,0.0001371943,0.00006222302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009309131,0.00005435054,0.0005302741,0.0001584435,0.0001973556,0.000001196579,0.00005220565,0.0002736982,0.9970698,0.0007096636,0.000005721682,0.0008541453],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005358461,0.00008114612,0.001642265,0.0000616574,0.0001868886,0.00003455838,0.0001965134,0.2649888,0.7318342,0.0003269726,0.00003251384,0.00007870111],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933155,0.002942441,0.003177788,0.0001675362,0.0001397244,0.0001711835,0.000004378634,0.00007637178,0.000005136577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972699,0.0001093176,0.002547484,0.000005095475,0.00004088883,0.000002572976,2.987777e-7,0.00001833216,0.000006157188],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2652357,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4503008,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01316299370466557,"score_gpt":0.2297427007746893,"score_spread":0.2165797070700237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}