{"id":"W4412753687","doi":"10.4324/9781003641612-15","title":"Managing Urban Expansion in Ghana's Small and Medium-Sized Cities","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geography; Environmental planning; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003474221,0.0001949257,0.00009603801,0.0003249259,0.001598636,0.002572853,0.0005610518,0.0005067465,0.004462538],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005432343,0.0001050627,0.00008426729,0.00116071,0.001526855,0.001523992,0.001926814,0.0006454173,0.000467769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003171323,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003727229,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01304918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04527451,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998652,0.00005259725,0.000003239862,0.00001203505,0.00002045634,0.0000464881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998148,0.00006304392,0.00002978075,0.000006540303,0.00001927368,0.00006647713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005690042,0.0001195301,0.01370834,0.000904367,0.00001106226,0.00277038,0.05256292,0.009799014,0.002055362,0.3657459,0.1569254,0.3953409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001247619,0.00005072603,0.01175527,0.0006073239,0.000007397848,0.0004166731,0.08772048,0.001985231,0.0005541234,0.03390505,0.8629712,0.00001399858],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.2617439,0.03786678,0.01000472,0.05023627,0.0007345371,0.0003675707,0.0002501914,0.0002326743,0.6385632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8613657,0.02968759,0.008337319,0.001198665,0.0001788428,0.0002199524,0.0001596992,0.00005584182,0.09879632],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01304918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02594644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03259289470796728,"score_gpt":0.2507287767773785,"score_spread":0.2181358820694113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}