{"id":"W4412762558","doi":"10.3390/molecules30153185","title":"Nanoparticle-Free 3D-Printed Hydrophobic Surfaces for Ice Mitigation Applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Molecules","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","keywords":"Materials science; Icing; Microscale chemistry; Surface energy; Surface modification; Wetting; Composite material; Microstructure; Nanotechnology; Contact angle; Nanoparticle; 3D printing; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002588281,0.0001349088,0.0001572799,0.00007507001,0.0002727936,0.0001032157,0.0004192387,0.00006923535,0.0001347212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001360468,0.0001322616,0.00006198311,0.0003027145,0.0001218785,0.000102539,0.00008731393,0.00005200236,0.0001982506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005594105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007289198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006992007,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004127517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988632,0.00007063116,0.000284422,0.0003800008,0.0001555643,0.0002462005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998962,0.0001483149,0.00006488649,0.0006015327,0.0001615138,0.00006172194],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002342292,0.00007251283,0.0002098274,0.00003258781,0.000006609931,3.12071e-7,0.0000868464,0.0008415222,0.9906237,0.006580273,0.0009917538,0.0005306159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004915987,0.00001942358,0.0010549,0.00001630344,0.00002295711,7.372142e-7,0.000106572,0.01318234,0.9662637,0.004105066,0.01458867,0.000147715],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9367891,0.0002562407,0.05846509,0.001560238,0.0001744117,0.0007052302,0.00005713082,0.0002041522,0.001788424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9870682,0.00001142596,0.01067381,0.0004801889,0.00001961437,0.0005168971,0.00002687161,0.00001389453,0.001189069],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05027916,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5393473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0124970738472639,"score_gpt":0.2620625364901402,"score_spread":0.2495654626428763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}