{"id":"W4412762558","doi":"10.3390/molecules30153185","title":"Nanoparticle-Free 3D-Printed Hydrophobic Surfaces for Ice Mitigation Applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Molecules","topic":"Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","keywords":"Materials science; Icing; Microscale chemistry; Surface energy; Surface modification; Wetting; Composite material; Microstructure; Nanotechnology; Contact angle; Nanoparticle; 3D printing; Mechanical engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008631845,0.0002377296,0.0001652541,0.000176867,0.0001280803,0.0002736781,0.0002479306,0.0004016996,0.0009105275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001819001,0.0001857489,0.0002887053,0.0001100303,0.0001611074,0.0002258498,0.0002397913,0.0003976266,0.000482512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002631987,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001550529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003329339,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001075319,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998845,0.00000659067,0.000006050517,0.00002218712,0.00006433795,0.00001623263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999045,0.00002217258,0.00002911756,0.00001684139,0.00001958337,0.000007824016],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000672018,0.000005957248,0.00005009638,0.00004160919,0.000003570198,0.00004202068,0.000009037232,0.0005747282,0.996703,0.0001025115,0.00006599008,0.002394716],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002140016,0.00004368536,0.0005219911,0.000002639531,0.000005415703,0.00007236524,0.000008058992,0.003820388,0.9938692,0.00004313629,0.001604726,0.0000062217],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9113597,0.002045228,0.07603918,0.0002189551,0.0001667988,0.00009300421,0.0006558952,0.0008238022,0.008597415],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9554685,0.0009013215,0.04048025,0.0001050594,0.00001751588,0.00006095317,0.0002598783,0.000062589,0.002644008],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0009105275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003045976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0124970738472639,"score_gpt":0.2620625364901402,"score_spread":0.2495654626428763,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}