{"id":"W4412792239","doi":"10.1145/3754456","title":"Every Breath You Don’t Take: Deepfake Speech Detection Using Breath","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Digital Threats Research and Practice","topic":"Speech and Audio Processing","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006672842,0.0007737332,0.0004622366,0.0008342544,0.0003301222,0.0008410901,0.0005229802,0.0008909603,0.001862097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002700459,0.0001896254,0.0003654473,0.00027373,0.0004279571,0.001312006,0.001293572,0.001288886,0.001543021],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004423599,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005746183,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003012669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005862778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995346,0.00009327273,0.00002199101,0.0001094227,0.0001521894,0.00008850588],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991711,0.0003838092,0.00007374658,0.0001112661,0.0001759869,0.00008401947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00181331,0.0004775883,0.02876239,0.0003848822,0.0001645851,0.001498854,0.0006325996,0.04465468,0.06921334,0.003482278,0.02746732,0.8214482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007455389,0.0005223973,0.01556982,0.000146277,0.00008682824,0.001320245,0.0006475409,0.8645956,0.09418638,0.007398013,0.01536004,0.00009234254],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6944534,0.003260337,0.273632,0.002441285,0.001082527,0.0001951141,0.002856964,0.009714017,0.0123644],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9355499,0.000456603,0.05217796,0.0005687439,0.0001135157,0.0000497802,0.002377086,0.0002107761,0.008495658],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003012669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006229401,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0860815806185097,"score_gpt":0.3941075366942001,"score_spread":0.3080259560756904,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}