{"id":"W4412798435","doi":"10.14356/kona.2026016","title":"Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future Developments in Particle Science and Technology","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"KONA Powder and Particle Journal","topic":"Catalytic Processes in Materials Science","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation","keywords":"Materials science; Science, technology and society; Engineering ethics; Nanotechnology; Engineering physics; Engineering; Sociology; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01155394,0.0007452939,0.001043536,0.00214377,0.001686438,0.005840503,0.001389732,0.005406572,0.005654796],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005289286,0.000449017,0.0009428118,0.002336246,0.003172197,0.0106772,0.002076462,0.008544622,0.001704711],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00224688,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003705918,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001120063,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002189928,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975826,0.000654262,0.0002280446,0.0003273805,0.0009859146,0.0002218622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925269,0.003800195,0.0004293028,0.000285641,0.00189377,0.001064164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004433497,0.0003125367,0.001374217,0.005154689,0.00007205729,0.0005428838,0.0007252364,0.00101948,0.004800469,0.1489315,0.3243904,0.5122333],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001973187,0.000164231,0.0007578503,0.0008509469,0.00002691369,0.0006570938,0.0006254317,0.0007912793,0.001063486,0.04199013,0.9530132,0.00003964249],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009140549,0.8657389,0.003206342,0.1018157,0.02369444,0.000009332739,0.00005854183,0.00005671051,0.00450613],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01674871,0.8918188,0.00744986,0.02682067,0.05222583,0.00003106366,0.0001080127,0.00004771412,0.004749404],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01155394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06110382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008484492590606702,"score_gpt":0.2763287654496702,"score_spread":0.2678442728590635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}