{"id":"W4412802847","doi":"10.1109/lsens.2025.3594215","title":"Tracking Muscle Stiffness During Gripping With Wearable Ultrasound Shear-Wave Elastometry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Sensors Letters","topic":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Wearable computer; Shear (geology); Ultrasound; Tracking (education); Stiffness; Materials science; Acoustics; Biomedical engineering; Medicine; Geology; Computer science; Composite material; Physics; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007488827,0.0002463325,0.0002430605,0.0004480767,0.0002085446,0.00009069859,0.00009431382,0.00006114411,0.00001325746],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002234544,0.0002441468,0.00008105495,0.001005484,0.00006864782,0.0002235643,0.000009415587,0.00031383,0.0000032952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001130716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000914914,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002001972,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001042431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987829,0.00002675875,0.0002150083,0.0002779737,0.0001997744,0.0004975908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994971,0.0001404929,0.00003365468,0.0002313752,0.00003987599,0.00005748639],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003079808,0.00002197825,0.001249405,0.000251606,0.0003446772,0.00003355992,0.0005954282,0.07330457,0.9158552,0.00001179633,0.001980521,0.00632045],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001680116,0.00002761933,0.7673213,0.0007910971,0.00009693695,0.00005026897,0.0009203868,0.002079,0.2226278,0.00002083322,0.003429529,0.0009551484],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939697,0.0001847802,0.002576171,0.0005154876,0.000488344,0.000159438,0.000002523354,0.0007022572,0.001401308],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987901,0.00009192868,0.0003251526,0.0004505504,0.000110174,0.00001762953,0.000001317413,0.00005753191,0.0001556408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7660719,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9956019,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008473185367901028,"score_gpt":0.1995334592215257,"score_spread":0.1910602738536247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}