{"id":"W4412832000","doi":"10.1007/s40279-025-02289-0","title":"Bridging Inductive and Deductive Reasoning: A Proposal to Enhance the Evaluation and Development of Models in Sports and Exercise Science","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sports Medicine","topic":"Sports Analytics and Performance","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Centre Intégré de Santé et Services Sociaux de Chaudière-Appalache; Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal; Université de Montréal; Montreal Heart Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Representativeness heuristic; Generalizability theory; Computer science; Predictive power; Categorization; Deductive reasoning; Management science; Artificial intelligence; Process (computing); Data science; Machine learning; Psychology; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002512849,0.00009979554,0.0002856971,0.0004070957,0.00012068,0.00001454329,0.00007025466,0.00002885717,0.00001755042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008985494,0.00007890489,0.00000621181,0.0004969955,0.0002509361,0.0002000795,0.00007456025,0.00008718707,1.787733e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006176822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001869144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002536937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005430474,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989014,0.000002975242,0.0004373103,0.0003700416,0.0001282272,0.0001600163],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994774,0.0000105437,0.0001998896,0.0001527923,0.00009986003,0.00005944481],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007773167,0.00005639794,0.4892334,0.0001093808,0.00001710008,0.000005432789,0.03657166,0.0007725118,0.00009436745,0.03979687,0.00004241113,0.4332227],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003247578,0.00003035202,0.9411668,0.0007550773,0.00001605431,0.000004202991,0.002193195,0.03930002,0.0004458699,0.0153745,0.0002514638,0.0001376823],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926353,0.00302616,0.001345937,0.0007918529,0.0001289895,0.0004397549,0.000001380146,0.000003690538,0.001626915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981551,0.0005969758,0.001042601,0.00007148573,0.00002126009,0.00002353284,0.000001533324,0.000004712258,0.00008282845],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4519334,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3217648,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02791875179144312,"score_gpt":0.2946434451043539,"score_spread":0.2667246933129108,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}