{"id":"W4412833961","doi":"10.2478/picbe-2025-0219","title":"Does Information and Communication Technology Influence the Shadow Economy? A Panel Data Analysis for EU Countries","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence","topic":"Taxation and Compliance Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie","keywords":"Shadow (psychology); Panel data; Economics; Economy; International economics; Business; Econometrics; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003672071,0.0001065806,0.0002096464,0.0003111137,0.0002521703,0.0002194962,0.001656639,0.00005155537,0.00002642472],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005847456,0.00006659042,0.00003697094,0.0005900932,0.0003079142,0.0007835567,0.0005869585,0.00009445476,0.000007530306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003834786,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003572785,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001467897,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004218462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991701,0.000002144817,0.0004390817,0.0002343633,0.00005370853,0.0001006345],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980525,0.00008136003,0.0006923992,0.0003424665,0.000821265,0.000009949158],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002403244,0.0000142243,0.1299721,0.00005733954,0.0001320444,3.501224e-9,0.0001747491,0.00005641927,0.00001351848,0.8687652,0.000436193,0.0003541794],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00053578,0.00001953449,0.3938385,0.0002771017,0.00008630392,7.382324e-7,0.00238315,0.02608537,0.0003268481,0.4795032,0.09668964,0.0002538224],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3748499,0.001296444,0.01334269,0.4692021,0.001051322,0.00186733,0.001275757,0.0001407239,0.1369738],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968024,0.001295618,0.0003822056,0.0009087354,0.00001164423,0.0001040631,0.00001709374,0.000002843979,0.0004753763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6219525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3078475,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0539515043138063,"score_gpt":0.2624476368817418,"score_spread":0.2084961325679355,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}