{"id":"W4412842843","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c05145","title":"Extending the Monitoring of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Arctic Air Reveals a High Abundance of Both Short Acids and Neutral Compounds","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Air Canada; The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto; Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Northern Contaminants Program; Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Toronto; University of Toronto Scarborough; Government of Canada","keywords":"Abundance (ecology); Arctic; Environmental chemistry; The arctic; Chemistry; Air monitoring; Environmental science; Ecology; Oceanography; Biology; Environmental engineering; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001786303,0.000371522,0.000155557,0.0007127068,0.0005294071,0.000483353,0.0001390477,0.0002886463,0.001175833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001414306,0.0001363563,0.0001551199,0.0004549146,0.0002287628,0.0001736431,0.0001970707,0.0002188603,0.0003970972],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003672393,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004026796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03361282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0656684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999859,0.000007598458,0.000004763572,0.00004352773,0.0000537527,0.00003137006],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998865,0.00001554255,0.00001989351,0.000005285445,0.00005515565,0.00001756371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001136343,0.00001680925,0.04565341,0.00002894518,0.00002123345,0.00008060835,0.00009788274,0.00010179,0.9477302,0.00002958624,0.0000859262,0.006039901],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003496489,0.000168913,0.625054,0.00001056909,0.0000431822,0.0003783167,0.0003868672,0.001469775,0.3701244,0.00005557971,0.002291501,0.00001339749],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936721,0.0005664918,0.002803362,0.00003557368,0.00001171825,0.00001150336,0.0007439403,0.0000707571,0.002084545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899157,0.0006387131,0.005795078,0.00007655853,0.0000103638,0.0000169512,0.0009173287,0.00001763227,0.002611675],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03361282,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06683433,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008615226856492601,"score_gpt":0.2644361344444618,"score_spread":0.2558209075879693,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}