{"id":"W4412844657","doi":"10.25071/28169344.142","title":"A Critical Review of the Bologna Process to Draw Lessons for the Internationalization of Higher Education in Africa","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"YU-WRITE Journal of Graduate Student Research in Education","topic":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Bologna Process; Political science; Process (computing); Higher education; Business; Computer science; International trade; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002959176,0.001028863,0.001018902,0.006049675,0.001559594,0.004180403,0.0007205427,0.001584,0.003786966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006169363,0.0004072826,0.0005710452,0.0102543,0.002349506,0.003850314,0.00156836,0.002624878,0.0006082278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005904824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00960052,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009670459,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0185657,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984695,0.0007862517,0.0001781933,0.0001338281,0.0002865049,0.0001457435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972422,0.001890706,0.0003769159,0.00005204557,0.0003658706,0.00007218043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001402187,0.00009262357,0.000843018,0.1442911,0.0002624534,0.0005959694,0.005306326,0.0007577508,0.0007786588,0.1009013,0.0938971,0.6521335],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006703206,0.00002906319,0.002280882,0.06608739,0.0001007374,0.0002191086,0.001663361,0.00003679415,0.0001327333,0.002730019,0.9266968,0.00001635096],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000163671,0.9971231,0.00003325675,0.00123959,0.0002245834,0.000005900536,0.00000925757,0.000001176829,0.001199429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004992555,0.9932851,0.0001240686,0.0008616042,0.0001787059,0.0000222743,0.00001702709,0.000001886592,0.0005169435],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009670459,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04284269,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3339451685017342,"score_gpt":0.6322864525454893,"score_spread":0.2983412840437551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}