{"id":"W4412844657","doi":"10.25071/28169344.142","title":"A Critical Review of the Bologna Process to Draw Lessons for the Internationalization of Higher Education in Africa","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"YU-WRITE Journal of Graduate Student Research in Education","topic":"Global Educational Policies and Reforms","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Internationalization; Bologna Process; Political science; Process (computing); Higher education; Business; Computer science; International trade; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006311226,0.0001659692,0.0006974726,0.0008425528,0.0002481637,0.00007529248,0.001507719,0.0001331687,0.00002853032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005134434,0.00009201581,0.0003306062,0.002886077,0.0003879298,0.0001979664,0.0001347682,0.0006080421,0.000001599238],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001074386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01733212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000970985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000352419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9952378,0.001062765,0.001399489,0.0002062404,0.001739132,0.0003545762],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9928593,0.001759089,0.0007702011,0.0002755759,0.004228723,0.0001071282],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002785532,0.003077802,0.0003562974,0.06183726,0.0001032027,2.584466e-7,0.01054947,0.0000183931,6.081965e-7,0.2340425,0.06513416,0.6248522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008614247,0.00006570958,0.004368156,0.1027685,0.0001335273,0.000002815447,0.008142943,4.941653e-7,7.554078e-7,0.01169546,0.8726404,0.00009506808],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001139059,0.9221608,0.000007805794,0.06906411,0.002455287,0.002379323,0.00002168151,0.000001648204,0.003795406],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007447868,0.9873873,0.00006419332,0.0002504711,0.0006298429,0.0004411865,0.0000142713,0.00001189238,0.003753002],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8075063,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9882387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3339451685017342,"score_gpt":0.6322864525454893,"score_spread":0.2983412840437551,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}