{"id":"W4412896524","doi":"10.1021/acsestwater.5c00391","title":"Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Sludge for Biocrude Production and Synergistic Utilization of Byproducts in Anaerobic Digestion","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS ES&T Water","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Hydrothermal liquefaction; Anaerobic digestion; Waste management; Liquefaction; Production (economics); Pulp and paper industry; Hydrothermal circulation; Environmental science; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Biofuel; Methane; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008570095,0.00007760144,0.0001147722,0.0001443088,0.00001249806,0.000004373444,0.00004232413,0.00006864592,0.000005720256],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009815803,0.00006596348,0.00001382998,0.0001541403,0.00003538269,0.0001164703,0.00001449912,0.0000361805,8.619285e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002962167,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007180186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001162485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006249701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995096,0.00001047985,0.0001912962,0.0001411938,0.00004951555,0.00009788413],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997736,0.00002012263,0.00002634859,0.0001049701,0.00006326766,0.00001167112],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005071599,0.00002146528,0.0004682733,0.0006720165,0.000013278,9.320841e-8,0.000136079,0.0007324619,0.9954019,0.000178652,0.00005029389,0.002274734],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001749073,0.00002246006,0.001731472,0.0001069588,0.00001698912,3.192188e-7,0.00001874499,0.0004356348,0.9969655,0.0003640173,0.00009959688,0.00006344973],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984407,0.0001888026,0.0007179003,0.00013884,0.000188777,0.0002397238,0.000004467042,0.00004656119,0.00003418654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996744,0.0000462401,0.0001179041,0.000005755697,0.00001430466,0.00002233445,0.00002648639,0.00001086959,0.00008169325],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002211284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2689913,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01144064767819446,"score_gpt":0.2263231382654933,"score_spread":0.2148824905872989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}