{"id":"W4412899597","doi":"10.1175/mwr-d-24-0249.1","title":"Analysis of Forest-Based Tornadoes Using Treefall Patterns","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Weather Review","topic":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Western University","keywords":"Tornado; Geology; Environmental science; Meteorology; Climatology; Geography; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002577551,0.0001231068,0.0003721595,0.00009063955,0.00003849797,0.00001085791,0.0002345359,0.00002339597,0.001604564],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009438602,0.00009310358,0.0002480448,0.0007616057,0.00003551369,0.00006387773,0.0001091865,0.00003904158,0.00001691342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001006562,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008333377,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002013533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003905042,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990649,0.00006222503,0.0002886191,0.0002275067,0.0002044601,0.0001522874],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994322,0.00002255617,0.0001136084,0.0003936589,0.000006195522,0.00003179354],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003976951,0.0001409106,0.9502131,0.0006061154,0.0004323547,0.000003723454,0.00002389464,0.0168844,0.00007946302,0.0001312493,0.00169072,0.02979003],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004184933,0.00005756126,0.7628093,0.002202943,0.007105156,4.804688e-8,0.0000348048,0.06935531,0.000148693,0.0001150283,0.1574168,0.0003358908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8241746,0.07420583,0.02768023,0.002082941,0.0002846205,0.002264807,0.00006925679,0.0001151298,0.06912256],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9861364,0.006989734,0.002400706,0.002444366,0.00001004698,0.00006236297,0.00003254913,0.00001662565,0.001907238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1874038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9993081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01338596509719944,"score_gpt":0.2800713988318149,"score_spread":0.2666854337346155,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}