{"id":"W4412901193","doi":"10.1111/maec.70037","title":"Artificial Neural Networks for Modeling Harmful Algal Blooms: A Review","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Marine Ecology","topic":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Trent University","funders":"","keywords":"Algal bloom; Oceanography; Environmental science; Artificial neural network; Ecology; Fishery; Biology; Phytoplankton; Artificial intelligence; Geology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009602811,0.001029641,0.0008778935,0.001191134,0.0001865571,0.001047636,0.001180134,0.001132542,0.001563214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00178977,0.0003585257,0.0008249765,0.001906266,0.0003157089,0.001101881,0.0005729535,0.0009161827,0.000671834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004167529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007259761,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003026564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002119825,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997501,0.00005587322,0.00004294994,0.00005423776,0.0000821678,0.00001479415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992207,0.0004594328,0.00007931458,0.00002071161,0.0001983015,0.00002151063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008104901,0.000152872,0.002046508,0.01126422,0.0003969115,0.0001751203,0.00008032669,0.05572981,0.001930126,0.008452853,0.01137018,0.90832],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005250422,0.0005860793,0.007395454,0.01709565,0.001469746,0.001143603,0.0002714764,0.2785977,0.006475843,0.03321804,0.6534258,0.0002682106],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00356895,0.960588,0.02943223,0.00101287,0.0005714832,0.0000357377,0.0001267526,0.0001209516,0.004543021],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02597458,0.9557375,0.01524778,0.0002872775,0.0004770982,0.00005056411,0.0002458591,0.00002720904,0.001952175],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003026564,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.006017923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02370955641552724,"score_gpt":0.2831613847819154,"score_spread":0.2594518283663881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}