{"id":"W4412903601","doi":"10.1007/s10291-025-01939-0","title":"Characterization and performance assessment of the GLONASS ionosphere model","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"GPS Solutions","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; University of New South Wales","keywords":"GLONASS; Ionosphere; Characterization (materials science); Remote sensing; GNSS applications; Environmental science; Geology; Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Geodesy; Engineering; Geophysics; Physics; Satellite; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004441169,0.00006710381,0.00007933239,0.000006875594,0.0002238242,0.00001499557,0.00008911053,0.0000241321,0.00007325399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001142572,0.00005371088,0.00004023335,0.0001381546,0.0000519193,0.00009147939,0.00008941755,0.00007828876,0.000001271417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001805896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001399964,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000407655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001345681,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995872,0.00001412323,0.0001291822,0.00009700804,0.00005677732,0.0001157562],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996981,0.000009900556,0.00005945902,0.0001661655,0.00005061336,0.00001572931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005147557,0.0001508345,0.1953247,0.0000406778,0.00006195383,2.296369e-8,0.0001027101,0.01188464,0.006305199,0.739959,0.0006747958,0.04549037],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002034312,0.0000125678,0.2854901,0.00003231186,0.00003419076,1.147074e-7,0.00007259166,0.7096775,0.0002319626,0.002727794,0.001444609,0.00007278188],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7175945,0.0000172395,0.2515466,0.0003384371,0.0001368746,0.0001439072,0.00004572567,0.00001168517,0.030165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927294,0.000009320572,0.001083779,0.00004884476,0.00002314242,0.00002105261,0.00003493177,0.000004087151,0.006045457],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7372312,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2190266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007367923962705691,"score_gpt":0.2321287492295505,"score_spread":0.2247608252668448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}