{"id":"W4412926871","doi":"10.1017/s0012217325000034","title":"Populism, ‘Empty Signifiers’ and Indigenous Resistance in Canada","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Dialogue","topic":"Canadian Identity and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Populism; Resistance (ecology); Indigenous; Political science; Sociology; History; Media studies; Law; Politics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001597943,0.00003552598,0.00008239291,0.0001673348,0.0005078051,0.00007618772,0.0001019695,0.00004190196,0.0000413039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001040074,0.00005134133,0.00001085238,0.0002689062,0.000148096,0.00005653361,0.00001144107,0.00007870408,0.000003992488],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001867182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006348516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9999152,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994454,0.00006056585,0.00008664094,0.0001146606,0.0001048045,0.000187877],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997713,0.00004906155,0.00001959609,0.00007091041,0.0000160634,0.0000730456],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000046224,0.00004996843,0.1782574,0.00011814,0.00003258902,0.0003868926,0.1717042,0.000007163798,0.00003623838,0.2481505,0.3821157,0.01909505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001004076,0.000001447912,0.1111841,0.00001553407,0.000003257648,4.611276e-8,0.002281932,1.853126e-7,0.0000014186,0.003670434,0.8826711,0.00007017415],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7997664,0.003668522,0.000006518581,0.002978336,0.001098825,0.0002393221,0.00007074107,0.00002066421,0.1921507],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875335,0.0002254314,0.00001659463,0.0007393077,0.00004182562,0.000006628733,0.0000055702,0.000002381536,0.01142881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5005554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006173237461421554,"score_gpt":0.2096957624483037,"score_spread":0.2035225249868821,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}