{"id":"W4412930124","doi":"10.3389/fagro.2025.1638637","title":"Agricultural socialized services in China’s smallholder farming systems: a systematic review of service types, benefits, and measurement challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Frontiers in Agronomy","topic":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Agriculture; China; Business; Service (business); Ecosystem services; Environmental resource management; Agricultural economics; Natural resource economics; Agroforestry; Geography; Economics; Marketing; Environmental science; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001343125,0.0004902637,0.002862025,0.00009736037,0.00009684428,0.00009094967,0.0005285021,0.0003283484,0.00001796506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008053893,0.0001783794,0.0002163991,0.001354775,0.00002572663,0.0002873674,0.0001614802,0.0003329425,0.000002817282],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002307534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005784224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001054017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001711029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966428,0.0006787626,0.001461286,0.0005325458,0.0003615266,0.0003231287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981716,0.0001871496,0.001195355,0.0001261918,0.0002652178,0.00005450321],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002466989,0.00005216481,0.00002646806,0.8787677,0.000152681,0.000001385088,0.0001321044,0.000001099719,5.632262e-7,0.0002533233,0.0002930819,0.120317],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001174499,0.00002512531,0.001056281,0.9134142,0.0008230062,0.000009460027,0.001873382,0.00000314221,1.57673e-7,0.00002060154,0.08222492,0.0004322182],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001264412,0.9947008,5.135402e-7,0.0007152407,0.0002867028,0.003114305,0.00005650649,0.00002549738,0.0009740025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001135787,0.9985775,0.0001407288,0.00008614774,0.00007720815,0.0006711583,0.0002210351,0.000002544612,0.0001100749],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1198848,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7274101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05754125957528432,"score_gpt":0.2635544419379333,"score_spread":0.206013182362649,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}