{"id":"W4412946091","doi":"10.1017/err.2025.10020","title":"On Regulating Downstream AI Developers","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Risk Regulation","topic":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute on Governance","funders":"","keywords":"Downstream (manufacturing); Upstream (networking); Risk analysis (engineering); Upstream and downstream (DNA); Computer science; Business; Computer security; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.06986442,0.001098377,0.0005990861,0.002892528,0.007733053,0.01151963,0.005865555,0.01396739,0.01104351],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1956378,0.0009197456,0.001008426,0.001125032,0.01450903,0.01051307,0.01259141,0.0185347,0.00386141],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007628152,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01826767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008223869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006290569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9165087,0.03792172,0.004233984,0.009385369,0.02638811,0.005562055],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7225897,0.1428142,0.01638947,0.03763815,0.07286996,0.007698465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000744112,0.0003198773,0.009918897,0.0001735074,0.00004785002,0.0008859835,0.01179335,0.003608129,0.00350934,0.8608431,0.04054095,0.06828452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009831801,0.0001952434,0.003715591,0.001603165,0.0001292388,0.0007800589,0.006174951,0.01872471,0.009472996,0.5546896,0.404207,0.0002092644],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07155261,0.002161051,0.2179036,0.214225,0.001709794,0.0007639549,0.0001260451,0.00110032,0.4904577],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8031381,0.001200848,0.05675371,0.07460202,0.0008288315,0.0009682617,0.000144032,0.0005097683,0.06185434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06986442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3694828,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01052921002962098,"score_gpt":0.2230765090182291,"score_spread":0.2125472989886081,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}