{"id":"W4412954988","doi":"10.1075/ap.21010.oco","title":"Ontological realism as a validity criterion in second-language strategic competence assessment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Pragmatics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Atlantic School of Theology","funders":"","keywords":"Criterion validity; Realism; Psychology; Competence (human resources); Linguistics; Natural language processing; Computer science; Epistemology; Social psychology; Construct validity; Philosophy; Psychometrics; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.06162662,0.0006470495,0.0009754192,0.005120487,0.003831741,0.00431353,0.001874855,0.001557044,0.002978811],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2261258,0.0004821571,0.001466303,0.002744821,0.01307921,0.003971547,0.009291814,0.002490971,0.0004958729],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002042843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003538925,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002949765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002656556,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9179011,0.0494102,0.006806734,0.005268901,0.01820914,0.002403856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6252759,0.2871671,0.02304065,0.02771355,0.03272521,0.004077571],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001582096,0.001142707,0.7124504,0.0006784805,0.0003015458,0.0006218068,0.09506673,0.002282968,0.01033207,0.1040317,0.001691913,0.06981753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003614084,0.003894503,0.6658286,0.001245498,0.0003064266,0.00214464,0.06766748,0.0595498,0.01868194,0.1584014,0.02140334,0.0005150134],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.894909,0.0002498276,0.05566889,0.001146266,0.0001931831,0.001046988,0.0002034775,0.00006057156,0.04652184],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922747,0.00002167171,0.006520538,0.00007016733,0.00003480813,0.0004385197,0.0001012636,0.00001914041,0.0005192907],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06162662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3259166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06455669946351476,"score_gpt":0.3518197438052697,"score_spread":0.2872630443417549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}