{"id":"W4412978513","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5357074","title":"Inaccurate and Misleading Terminology Impede the Protection of People and Wildlife from Adverse Effects of Lead Ammunition","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Ammunition; Terminology; Lead (geology); Wildlife; Lead poisoning; Risk analysis (engineering); Forensic engineering; Computer security; Business; Environmental planning; Environmental science; Engineering; Psychology; Computer science; Geography; Biology; Linguistics; Ecology; Psychiatry; Philosophy; Archaeology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01597078,0.00105039,0.001208551,0.006426498,0.003201386,0.009538947,0.00248827,0.004089266,0.006812899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06411274,0.0006838721,0.0005008257,0.007101689,0.009383473,0.008357204,0.004904598,0.005827041,0.007525784],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002818407,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003256284,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002630066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002967358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9747947,0.01164491,0.0039139,0.001117613,0.007750786,0.0007781467],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9335944,0.0355747,0.007929959,0.008075961,0.01391619,0.000908773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004095996,0.00007786014,0.008209363,0.001546866,0.0001021654,0.001541921,0.03630532,0.001967203,0.01160468,0.6150987,0.1526567,0.1704796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003021947,0.0001039443,0.005666557,0.001503428,0.0001062354,0.004746729,0.01280777,0.003664369,0.008298725,0.3728218,0.5901156,0.0001345207],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.1350733,0.03518169,0.331874,0.2443041,0.03945787,0.0002352378,0.003412282,0.002637952,0.2078236],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7431565,0.02579587,0.1159226,0.03996911,0.01034813,0.0002320695,0.002014669,0.003213609,0.05934736],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01597078,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08446258,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008829428492727573,"score_gpt":0.2309303323423853,"score_spread":0.2221009038496577,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}