{"id":"W4412989343","doi":"10.1103/physics.18.106","title":"Laser Cooling is Optimized for Efficiency","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics","topic":"Optical properties and cooling technologies in crystalline materials","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Laser; Materials science; Laser cooling; Optoelectronics; Optics; Nuclear engineering; Environmental science; Physics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007803276,0.0001129399,0.0001838057,0.00001549058,0.0001270502,0.00006322264,0.0002236041,0.00003201211,0.0001103729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001456562,0.00009427199,0.0001037045,0.0001142994,0.00005639299,0.00004392683,0.0001299747,0.00006609345,0.00001501379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008767537,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003094469,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001130412,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.727574e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993586,0.000007301385,0.0001681234,0.0001929763,0.00005475894,0.0002182753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995388,0.00007499884,0.00003954871,0.0002563205,0.00007245514,0.00001790983],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002561182,0.000610687,0.0003710306,0.0001568489,0.0002918854,4.005413e-7,0.0001528388,0.009166941,0.006531767,0.7189443,0.02277778,0.2407394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001903744,0.00009263268,0.000005436094,0.0001004163,0.0001116286,5.376778e-8,0.000330089,0.1810675,0.3113468,0.4762011,0.028404,0.0004365657],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03501922,0.00003578662,0.9508291,0.0004116776,0.0003590972,0.0003128434,0.00005783008,0.0001412579,0.0128332],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9825416,0.000002982395,0.01588509,0.0002306278,0.0001934734,0.00008155788,0.00001180411,0.0000120944,0.001040783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9475224,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.38443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01816984627043208,"score_gpt":0.2813095854600608,"score_spread":0.2631397391896287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}