{"id":"W4413006178","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5358246","title":"Homomorphic Encryption in Federated Learning: A Systematic Review of Current Methods and Open Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Homomorphic encryption; Computer science; Encryption; Current (fluid); Computer security; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02086657,0.001023933,0.004844,0.004641044,0.0006774651,0.004354885,0.002359164,0.002304681,0.004154395],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06892112,0.0008016129,0.003728807,0.004378221,0.002939894,0.007640756,0.002439043,0.002897679,0.0005133413],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001779288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008985288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001594691,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002833898,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9878953,0.005309292,0.002711276,0.001139991,0.002661677,0.0002825276],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8956566,0.09398794,0.004724286,0.002753377,0.002461069,0.0004167182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003808122,0.0001502411,0.001602924,0.2696688,0.002227976,0.0001144268,0.0003512736,0.001460255,0.0004405344,0.01494984,0.003928772,0.7047241],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004728153,0.001311619,0.005429386,0.5950639,0.01652151,0.002978185,0.00148348,0.003370418,0.003302727,0.04985736,0.3199243,0.0002842413],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000451262,0.9957986,0.002620307,0.0005351132,0.0000756451,0.00006409553,0.00006664214,0.00001078851,0.0003774285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01020175,0.9816247,0.006835576,0.0007926223,0.0001279091,0.0001610794,0.0001087523,0.00001365974,0.0001339055],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02086657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1103542,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0714504563607642,"score_gpt":0.3919751620616165,"score_spread":0.3205247057008523,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}