{"id":"W4413015518","doi":"10.1016/j.jtocrr.2025.100887","title":"Lung Cancer in Patients of African Descent: A Transcontinental Review of Epidemiology, Disparities, Outcomes, and Opportunities for Equity in Africa, North America, South America, and the Caribbean","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"JTO Clinical and Research Reports","topic":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"St. Michael's Hospital","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Thomas Jefferson University","keywords":"African descent; Equity (law); Epidemiology; Caribbean region; Geography; Health equity; Development economics; Political science; Economic growth; Demography; Medicine; Ethnology; Latin Americans; Economics; History; Sociology; Internal medicine; Health care","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009304954,0.0003228772,0.004867398,0.0002796826,0.00007469783,0.00001113341,0.0001793785,0.0002345794,0.00001109004],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01249227,0.0001840409,0.000507589,0.0005272095,0.002820647,0.00005676959,0.0004251197,0.001033977,3.305331e-8],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001142448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001210449,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00493963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006515624,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931169,0.001568297,0.003355925,0.0006979802,0.0006456173,0.0006153103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925938,0.005088684,0.001115368,0.0004664716,0.0004431404,0.000292492],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002769919,0.0001116246,0.3558114,0.07936958,0.0001521314,0.00005252556,0.0001138203,7.346232e-8,2.802249e-9,0.00003860838,0.0008792555,0.563194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004107091,0.001044023,0.2161472,0.2655695,0.002052092,0.00003074262,0.0006449546,0.00004612665,3.487166e-8,0.0002515797,0.509646,0.0004607229],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002274723,0.9913234,0.000008759029,0.002014629,0.00008510054,0.003472832,0.0004983346,0.000005032566,0.0003172589],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01208572,0.9865432,0.00009112632,0.0003900858,0.00003968488,0.0005213915,0.00012632,0.00001609651,0.0001863301],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5627332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.503296054085223,"score_gpt":0.5598815836260794,"score_spread":0.05658552954085638,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}