{"id":"W4413024334","doi":"10.32983/2222-4459-2025-5-78-85","title":"The Conceptions of Customs Duty and the Customs System as an Insrument of Protectionism","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Business Inform","topic":"European and International Contract Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Protectionism; Duty; International trade; Economics; Business; International economics; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003916299,0.0004232117,0.0003879775,0.001753058,0.004819717,0.007817061,0.000947559,0.002834762,0.001793376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003925754,0.0003187614,0.000589069,0.001441583,0.06752579,0.00705742,0.004285536,0.005504438,0.0002647836],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009996242,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004934388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006876551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003782743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.994706,0.002564183,0.0002458851,0.0008075503,0.0009181351,0.0007582287],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977491,0.0009653339,0.0003288494,0.000535618,0.000239306,0.0001816562],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001752872,0.000001893409,0.00008453125,0.000005505421,8.453754e-7,0.00001794887,0.001630604,0.00007220894,0.00001922692,0.9968504,0.0002016375,0.001113304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004767502,0.00001912324,0.001212597,0.0001883002,0.000005511923,0.0001796004,0.002631608,0.0004308262,0.0001916958,0.8925664,0.1025528,0.00001665633],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09614009,0.01522898,0.04061287,0.0358216,0.0008695181,0.0000729434,0.00008005225,0.00005855402,0.8111154],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9703649,0.002522842,0.00454532,0.002143572,0.0003033731,0.00005411586,0.00002562545,0.00003360528,0.0200065],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.009996242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07252812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008808449116231024,"score_gpt":0.2967574559222994,"score_spread":0.2879490068060683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}