{"id":"W4413032878","doi":"10.1007/s00125-025-06516-1","title":"Race, ethnicity and ancestry in global diabetes research: grappling with complexity to advance equity and scientific integrity – a narrative review and viewpoint","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Diabetologia","topic":"Race, Genetics, and Society","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","keywords":"Ethnic group; Race (biology); Equity (law); Narrative review; Health equity; Narrative; Diabetes mellitus; Medicine; Sociology; Political science; Gender studies; Intensive care medicine; Public health; Anthropology; Pathology; Law; Endocrinology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002647106,0.0004402657,0.001600031,0.00008030219,0.0003615689,0.0001267727,0.0003831306,0.000445474,0.000002102851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009858457,0.0003447504,0.0001038131,0.0007718793,0.001875806,0.000009885228,0.001656427,0.0007903712,9.422842e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007457178,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003887218,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002186781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004891728,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966524,0.0006741968,0.0004807775,0.001335374,0.0002421052,0.0006152018],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986316,0.0001566495,0.0001872117,0.0005691362,0.0002450054,0.0002103744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005156847,0.0002478011,0.02349287,0.1449935,0.000373201,0.00001314463,0.0006132315,0.000001504645,0.0001595302,0.001136689,0.004960123,0.8239568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001250816,0.001392429,0.01608477,0.08637934,0.0009249159,0.00003474722,0.001095978,0.00001894769,0.0002399762,0.005509285,0.8845434,0.002525403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.05610266,0.9416577,0.00003875513,0.0002618016,0.00007955942,0.001502037,0.0001913596,0.00001153954,0.000154566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002316746,0.9949412,0.00187097,0.0003562559,0.0000361387,0.0002470907,0.0001276977,0.00001424967,0.00008968563],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8795832,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1339203496577143,"score_gpt":0.4505045055208622,"score_spread":0.3165841558631479,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}