{"id":"W4413076770","doi":"10.1088/1475-7516/2025/07/054","title":"The re-markable 21-cm power spectrum. Part I. Probing the <scp>Hi</scp> distribution in the post-reionization era using marked statistics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Centre for Research in Astrophysics of Québec","funders":"","keywords":"Reionization; Physics; Spectral density; Redshift; Astrophysics; Smoothing; Universe; Statistic; Field (mathematics); Range (aeronautics); Distribution (mathematics); Scale (ratio); Statistical physics; Computational physics; Statistics; Quantum mechanics; Galaxy; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006437746,0.0001233223,0.0001799092,0.0000289046,0.0005577537,0.0001120082,0.0002536712,0.00003718113,0.000006106262],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000716146,0.00007155582,0.00005720898,0.0003527103,0.0002418349,0.00014838,0.00005510329,0.0004369432,0.00000130184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003849842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001405137,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002338347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006838425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988641,0.0001938139,0.0004198506,0.0001150685,0.0001137125,0.0002934655],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987115,0.0005515026,0.0003458599,0.0002098797,0.0001551402,0.00002614649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000617445,0.0003228092,0.347513,0.00000785483,0.0002207489,0.00000680042,0.0005218124,0.005658791,0.001195127,0.6243231,0.003409447,0.01675875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00316103,0.0007339544,0.3934975,0.0001539816,0.0004374823,0.00005324087,0.01166177,0.03050485,0.006887338,0.5291796,0.02351403,0.0002152345],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8476266,0.00009150394,0.1493612,0.002448489,0.00016831,0.0001681581,0.00002297294,0.00000416777,0.0001086612],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989144,0.000008398691,0.0007635698,0.0001042104,0.0001335368,0.00001012468,0.00001357545,0.000006518371,0.0000456678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1512878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4289846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008209175058833057,"score_gpt":0.2354311386711407,"score_spread":0.2272219636123077,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}