{"id":"W4413088353","doi":"10.1111/ajae.70001","title":"A reply to “Quality standards, industry structure, and welfare in a global economy”","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"European Commission","keywords":"Ambiguity; Welfare; Quality (philosophy); Economics; Public economics; Market economy; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006290872,0.0002566616,0.00102794,0.0002429256,0.00007857354,0.0001814413,0.0003822305,0.0001371227,0.00006391546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001466332,0.0002448572,0.0001663583,0.0004547343,0.0001291369,0.0004979303,0.0001174588,0.0004384645,0.000009460411],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001085103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001089674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008266907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000259878,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975584,0.00002998115,0.001589659,0.0004164629,0.00002433965,0.0003811752],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998296,0.00004410431,0.001078399,0.0002281663,0.00009970906,0.0002536708],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002389221,0.00008737503,0.5838588,0.000038076,0.0003047133,0.000007562472,0.00033317,0.003795625,0.000005755532,0.3970975,0.003353713,0.0108788],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001022574,0.0002806438,0.8651431,0.00004114424,0.00001317189,0.00008504052,0.002373618,0.00002242538,0.00002820308,0.02854015,0.1020565,0.0003933542],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9726923,0.0004718751,0.00004330283,0.01387763,0.0003931371,0.000158859,0.0006292622,0.000009688313,0.01172394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944936,0.0001916425,0.001077461,0.004043547,0.0001072328,0.000003391177,0.000005640211,0.00000845484,0.00006903902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3685574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01601951853521486,"score_gpt":0.2398838602748735,"score_spread":0.2238643417396586,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}