{"id":"W4413125657","doi":"10.1075/task.23013.tav","title":"What makes a task difficult?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TASK Journal on Task-Based Language Teaching and Learning","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Task (project management); Computer science; Engineering; Systems engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003402118,0.0005536057,0.0005611885,0.0014405,0.000951581,0.003711648,0.000809607,0.000864649,0.003398015],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05919645,0.0003127494,0.0003864294,0.001093105,0.001897154,0.001958795,0.001554767,0.001009828,0.0005926591],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001602513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001470556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004574127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006787868,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953532,0.00119378,0.0005482629,0.000567794,0.001879919,0.0004569511],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9465027,0.03195615,0.01114104,0.002596565,0.005490282,0.002313295],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008056569,0.0005167184,0.8128855,0.001256771,0.0001843499,0.001470125,0.05324265,0.001604787,0.01738725,0.006168138,0.004739704,0.09973822],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006288951,0.0003594996,0.915546,0.0004876705,0.0001041806,0.001467421,0.04576622,0.005298914,0.002836823,0.01698046,0.01096544,0.0001243682],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.985284,0.0003372343,0.003934008,0.0005627249,0.00003296654,0.00009420508,0.0001585256,0.00003721453,0.009559183],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974504,0.0001229396,0.001623649,0.00007260709,0.00001899141,0.00004522729,0.0001064531,0.00001968822,0.000539912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004574127,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01799232,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01010266319932725,"score_gpt":0.2576028211108232,"score_spread":0.247500157911496,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}