{"id":"W4413132529","doi":"10.5194/ecss2025-275","title":"Polarimetric Radar Signatures of ZDR and KDP in Tornadic Storms over Germany and their Use for Nowcasting","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Supercell; Tornado; Nowcasting; Meteorology; Severe weather; Storm; Mesocyclone; Environmental science; Thunderstorm; Convective storm detection; Geology; Radar; Doppler radar; Geography; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001674952,0.0002819029,0.0001589314,0.0006961202,0.0001583905,0.0005466752,0.0001512454,0.0001948148,0.0003916785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002777644,0.0000892629,0.0001029058,0.0007480583,0.0002014162,0.0002961623,0.0002682894,0.000202878,0.0001389144],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002662206,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001526764,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01377443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01231458,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999105,0.000008952011,0.000005776838,0.00002550076,0.00002066129,0.00002867429],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999043,0.00001179069,0.00003186895,0.00001239525,0.00002349644,0.00001619957],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006888858,0.0001652853,0.8642061,0.0001305197,0.0001504971,0.0007801016,0.0009187207,0.01346558,0.04579655,0.0005251674,0.002371457,0.07080109],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001333152,0.00003470226,0.989532,0.000009783845,0.00002866735,0.000113782,0.0002788954,0.005873093,0.003087016,0.0000468769,0.0009686501,0.00001312129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9979824,0.00009002786,0.0003448913,0.00002126777,0.000008240337,0.000005960403,0.0005707828,0.00002396798,0.0009524475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989554,0.00007979274,0.0002141096,0.000007419297,0.000005328114,0.000002530807,0.0005917344,0.000003107399,0.000140521],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01377443,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02738851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03676558968005377,"score_gpt":0.2498950615010604,"score_spread":0.2131294718210066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}