{"id":"W4413139760","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.08.003","title":"Shared and Distinct Alterations in Brain Structure of Youth With Internalizing or Externalizing Disorders: Findings From the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior, ADHD, Major Depressive Disorder, and Anxiety Working Groups","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biological Psychiatry","topic":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nova Scotia Health Authority; Dalhousie University","funders":"NIH Clinical Center; National Institute of Mental Health; Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, Københavns Universitet; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Economic and Social Research Council; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital; H. Lundbeck A/S; Medical Research Council; Servier; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Cape Town; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Radboud Universitair Medisch Centrum; Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale; Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum; Universitetet i Bergen; Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Universität Potsdam; Fudan University; University of Pennsylvania; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Technische Universität Dresden; Gentofte Hospital; Central South University; Universität Bielefeld; Washington University in St. Louis; Universiteit Maastricht; Radboud Universiteit; Monash University; Deakin University; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Rijksuniversiteit Groningen; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences; Universiteit Leiden; University of Southern California; University of Southampton; California Institute of Technology; Sanofi; Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Curtin University of Technology; South African Medical Research Council; Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen; University of Minnesota; Universität Greifswald; Biogen; Florida State University; Vistagen Therapeutics; Haukeland Universitetssjukehus; Universiteit Gent; Accare; University of Bath; Pennsylvania State University; Yale University; Karolinska Institutet; King's College London; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; L'Oreal USA","keywords":"Psychology; Anxiety; Amygdala; Clinical psychology; Depression (economics); Major depressive disorder; Conduct disorder; Insula; Entorhinal cortex; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Brain size; Specific phobia; Psychiatry; Generalized anxiety disorder; Neuroscience; Hippocampus; Medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004479041,0.0007363124,0.0009629334,0.002247641,0.0006442917,0.001408658,0.0009621979,0.0005823103,0.001340952],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007769519,0.000501827,0.003335014,0.002154503,0.0008001076,0.0005937958,0.002460626,0.0007348523,0.00009341563],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005627128,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005761654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01054439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0168809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976986,0.0007482867,0.0002888115,0.0008163388,0.0002780603,0.0001699734],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942015,0.001860871,0.002333767,0.0008638697,0.0004417153,0.0002983234],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004038722,0.00001547453,0.9851987,0.0001928632,0.008739428,0.0001049208,0.0003707404,0.0001328379,0.0007035436,0.0001179621,0.0001727319,0.003846953],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002716173,0.00007521074,0.9938716,0.0000722039,0.004641867,0.0002744507,0.0002985719,0.0001579256,0.0001607343,0.0001840571,0.0002290822,0.000007060018],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933663,0.004723007,0.0005555339,0.0001825965,0.00001407977,0.00001668474,0.0008277412,0.0000173572,0.0002967862],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983124,0.0005850247,0.0004091436,0.00005911927,0.00001311685,0.00001729408,0.0005478269,0.00001137677,0.0000447635],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01054439,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02368766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03354144724514554,"score_gpt":0.3124921195549532,"score_spread":0.2789506723098076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}