{"id":"W4413141746","doi":"10.1101/2025.08.10.25333396","title":"ChatGPT as a Digital Pharmacist: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Drug-Counselling Accuracy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"medRxiv","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacist; Drug; Meta-analysis; Computer science; Medicine; Psychology; Medical physics; Family medicine; Pharmacy; Pharmacology; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04427966,0.002640774,0.01708577,0.008362981,0.0007210139,0.004622795,0.002698286,0.002853923,0.004390329],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1337018,0.001508046,0.04261176,0.008791072,0.001280774,0.003532576,0.002115396,0.002765659,0.0003787522],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004057265,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005933921,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007899178,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01317544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.955331,0.02648297,0.01067626,0.002525739,0.004411594,0.0005724523],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8413439,0.1345386,0.01514637,0.003108422,0.005239732,0.0006229318],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002440521,0.00004636137,0.004633678,0.4938623,0.479007,0.00008622355,0.0001496014,0.0004252004,0.00008795644,0.0001389035,0.0005469651,0.01857543],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007218532,0.0002794612,0.00349641,0.06117322,0.9322178,0.00008176694,0.00006728389,0.0002754208,0.0001227457,0.0002419829,0.001292095,0.00002991294],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004306464,0.9930857,0.0009059911,0.0003274119,0.0001507045,0.0004863596,0.0004571828,0.00002964846,0.0002506138],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2613777,0.7256799,0.006155404,0.00175538,0.0004864026,0.003075231,0.001074341,0.00006009485,0.0003355333],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04427966,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.234176,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2311569262436922,"score_gpt":0.4738227332514747,"score_spread":0.2426658070077825,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}