{"id":"W4413160181","doi":"10.3390/mi16080929","title":"Recent Developments in Microneedle Biosensors for Biomedical and Agricultural Applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Micromachines","topic":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Biosensor; Wearable computer; Computer science; Materials science; Embedded system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000673839,0.000405872,0.0009022782,0.0002286984,0.00005562192,0.00003393616,0.0001834566,0.0003477424,0.000004582499],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000273276,0.0002890864,0.0001391638,0.000565846,0.00004584485,0.00002092699,0.00005171337,0.000257149,0.000009987695],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001342233,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003735429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005475346,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001694718,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986799,0.00002273135,0.0005180812,0.000350162,0.00006792141,0.0003611914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995378,0.0001686297,0.00005355938,0.0001282184,0.00002746648,0.00008438327],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001630643,0.00003782703,0.000003641697,0.009176562,0.00007960667,0.000001192544,0.00001814335,3.435227e-7,0.003179924,0.00001931216,0.002528513,0.9849533],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000171603,0.000008778409,0.0000217398,0.002018735,0.00009937129,0.00002386173,0.000004804479,0.000006629982,0.0004043776,0.00001669472,0.9968662,0.0003571871],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0006876185,0.9974158,0.00002630883,0.0000365081,0.0001099246,0.001162133,0.0001726259,0.0001202052,0.0002688307],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00002078858,0.9962271,0.002162497,0.00001746731,0.00009773392,0.0003602017,0.0007160702,0.00003400058,0.0003641547],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9943377,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999561,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01075687031020774,"score_gpt":0.2687731013011109,"score_spread":0.2580162309909032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}