{"id":"W4413160181","doi":"10.3390/mi16080929","title":"Recent Developments in Microneedle Biosensors for Biomedical and Agricultural Applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Micromachines","topic":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alberta Innovates","keywords":"Nanotechnology; Biosensor; Wearable computer; Computer science; Materials science; Embedded system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009319449,0.0009731612,0.001077372,0.003204982,0.0003334746,0.001185677,0.0006885959,0.001211999,0.004038802],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001132815,0.0004707559,0.0007149425,0.003624686,0.0004451779,0.001634971,0.0007793553,0.001727019,0.001776453],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007015658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0012406,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001123014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001834524,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999597,0.00004936777,0.00005453279,0.00008549385,0.0001814317,0.00003204534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992944,0.00037112,0.00008165192,0.00001941718,0.0001992133,0.00003430353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004874927,0.00007873809,0.0002333535,0.04817519,0.0001056849,0.0002507772,0.0001693422,0.0008181077,0.01335779,0.009826951,0.01904767,0.9078877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004714266,0.0001010367,0.00056108,0.003624583,0.0001027868,0.0006966769,0.00008896441,0.0001494986,0.00320234,0.002433079,0.9890079,0.00002720264],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002708876,0.9968252,0.0005324513,0.000298212,0.0002241714,0.000006732802,0.00002684986,0.00001682864,0.001798677],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00105058,0.9971814,0.0005733781,0.0002010565,0.0001081126,0.000008052022,0.00003410103,0.000002379095,0.0008409313],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004038802,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01351118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01075687031020774,"score_gpt":0.2687731013011109,"score_spread":0.2580162309909032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}