{"id":"W4413207008","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5388198","title":"Stability and Design of Built-Up Columns: Effect of 2nd Order Shear Forces","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Shear (geology); Stability (learning theory); Order (exchange); Structural engineering; Materials science; Mechanics; Engineering; Computer science; Physics; Composite material; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002070332,0.0003385038,0.0008842731,0.0002565008,0.00006324199,0.00004012886,0.0004189556,0.0002776614,0.00004092371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002918603,0.0003030335,0.0002395449,0.0002924987,0.0001002954,0.00007288196,0.0001947645,0.002607793,4.756418e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006683873,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008279397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005444426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003090813,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974906,0.0002251653,0.0006172357,0.0002894799,0.0003114105,0.001066057],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987331,0.0003566105,0.0002378297,0.0004277278,0.0001789222,0.00006580944],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001553602,0.00009300596,0.04425303,0.01234579,0.02126162,0.000008250046,0.002214192,0.6854833,0.1585169,0.005159069,0.0002911867,0.06882007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004586893,0.002561673,0.006078319,0.002134989,0.004868466,0.0002816789,0.0010946,0.1424711,0.6379046,0.1958173,0.0001042927,0.002096106],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9557099,0.01208603,0.031148,0.00002605029,0.0003652248,0.0003890071,0.00002297473,0.00006662911,0.0001862222],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945077,0.004605732,0.0006243519,0.000001659766,0.00006423405,0.00001150495,0.00000606187,0.00002905655,0.0001496695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5430121,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999422,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008227443410243857,"score_gpt":0.2381300723175646,"score_spread":0.2299026289073207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}