{"id":"W4413237257","doi":"10.1016/j.ynexs.2025.100087","title":"Methane emissions from the oil and gas supply chain: Characteristics and mitigation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nexus","topic":"Global Energy Security and Policy","field":"Energy","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Methane emissions; Methane; Supply chain; Environmental science; Business; Fossil fuel; Methane gas; Greenhouse gas; Petroleum engineering; Waste management; Chemistry; Engineering; Geology; Oceanography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006711208,0.00009266514,0.0001150533,0.00002323841,0.0001255478,0.00004730653,0.00008087745,0.00009217511,0.00007531174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001568815,0.00006929728,0.00002064473,0.0001038416,0.00007584532,0.00004395962,0.00006354848,0.0001104855,0.000008637658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001168989,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002965692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00773177,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001170126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994704,0.00006529631,0.0001155622,0.0001438819,0.00006778333,0.0001371072],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995112,0.0001939393,0.00003277241,0.0001686347,0.00002360842,0.00006987905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002617872,0.00002132409,0.0006347457,0.0000175499,0.00004677397,0.000005668462,0.001273402,0.00001406989,0.002730157,0.7901966,0.003590157,0.2014434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00042153,0.00001597437,0.02406724,0.00007133365,0.00004938042,0.000004805021,0.0001827744,0.0005091809,0.001412237,0.03982335,0.9333337,0.0001084833],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8400151,0.001736321,0.00001156475,0.02351889,0.0003806678,0.0000301085,0.0001426755,0.0000646388,0.1341001],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913937,0.0007754695,0.00008467052,0.00327179,0.0002317781,0.000008947031,0.0001108704,0.000006853888,0.004115926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9297435,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988759,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00887969839979228,"score_gpt":0.242070814873903,"score_spread":0.2331911164741107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}